Until last year, Mr Berlusconi had the habit of deserting the celebrations of 25 April. In 2003, For example, it does not take part in the ceremony at the Quirinal, claiming injury to his hand: "I will not be there , said he, since I took a week off to treat injured my left hand in St.-Julien. I have a torn tendon [ 1] . " There is no participation in 2008. However, he met Giuseppe Ciarrapico, entrepreneur and politician who has never denied his fascist sympathies of youth, and enriched by printing manifestos of the Italian Social Movement (MSI) the neo-fascist party, as well as revisionist books on the history of fascism. Today, Mr. Ciarrapico seat in Parliament, in the ranks of the People of Freedom (PDL) party of Mr Berlusconi.
Therefore, in deciding to participate in the Liberation Day, Berlusconi has proposed to call it "Celebration of Freedom" to associate the name of his party, of course, by altering the same while the memory of the Liberation, which was clearly a liberation from Nazism and fascism. He took advantage of the event to give a speech openly revisionist, in which he tried to pass on April 25 for a festival "all fallen, even those who fought on the wrong side" , thus calling into question the foundations antifascist of the Constitution, and proposing, finally, that "deprive such party's character as opposed revolutionary culture has given him, and that" separate "instead of" join "" .
order to understand thoroughly Berlusconi's aversion to fascism, it must be remembered that he was part of the subversive masonic lodge P2 (he held Chart No. 1816), directed by Ligio Gelli, who in his youth, was volunteered to fight in Spain with the " Blackshirts "sent by Benito Mussolini in support of Francisco Franco, who, once back in Italy, continued to collaborate with fascism, finally adhering to the Republic of Salò.
At least half of Italians are unaware of this history, since they do not read newspapers, not even once a week [ 2]. Poets However, know this very well, at least the most "committed" to them, a race apparently endangered but, a few months ago, has made its voice heard through anthology in overtly political, born precisely in opposition to Berlusconi's proposal to change the name to the Liberation Day. Broadcast on the Internet, it has attracted the attention of major Italian media.
title of the anthology: Trampling oblivion (PDF). Its subtitle, without ambiguity: Hundred Italian poets against the unconstitutional threat to the resistance memory Republican. Published a first version with thirty poets, in November 2009, the anthology was sponsored by the journalist and poet Pietro Spataro in the pages of L'Unità [ 3]. The next day, she rebounded in the Corriere della Sera , where she has been derided by the famous columnist Pierluigi Battista [ 4], then in the Berlusconi family newspaper, Il Giornale , which the authors saw in a ridiculous "Battleship Potemkin" [ 5]. How the journalist Giuseppe Cruciani handled the issue in his anthology The zanzara ("The Mosquito"), released November 26 in the resort of Confindustria (the Italian MEDEF), Radio24 is significant Short circuit between poetry and media. First, he submitted approximately (thereby proving he had not read) as a collection of poems "the Resistance" , attributing the merit of having recruited thirty poets L'Unità. But the anthology is intended as a form of resistance certainly modern, but she does not speak openly about the Resistance, and it is not L'Unità back in the lead, but a poet of the Marches 28, Davide Note, a student of one of the most important Italian poets "committed", Gianni D'Elia, known in France thanks to translations of Bernard Simeone.
D'Elia, precisely, was invited to live Cruciani. The poet did not reduce left the role in which the journalist wanted to confine it. "Intervening with a text like mine in an environment like yours, it's impossible" , he said. Almost trying to apply the principles outlined by Pierre Bourdieu in his essay On Television he gave with a "intransigence intellectual claimed, his vision of historical and cultural situation of Italy means a situation dominated by television, television that "denies reality ", which " over the last thirty years, has eliminated any form of dignity " that" for decades gives no room for poets ", so "We poets, we are writing more on the radio, or television" .
Having established a network of poets Trampling oblivion have decided to meet physically, giving life to a real Assembly in Rome in a local Ward People's Pigneto the Beba Do Samba , January 8, 2010. Meanwhile, the poets 'rebels' had increased from thirty to one hundred, and their songs had found a place in the final version of the anthology, published online by the end of February. There were years that poetry had not been such an echo, because the logic well described by Jacques Roubaud that "no economic value to condemn the darkness [ 6] " .
A return of political themes in literature 
In fact, the anthology Trampling oblivion is not an isolated case. It belongs to a more general phenomenon which is going through, from the narrative genre, all Italian literature, and consists of a return to themes, characters and political issues in parallel with another return: that of political journalism highly romantic nature [7 ], as demonstrates the success of Gomorrah by Roberto Saviano, a collection of articles structured as an essay, published by a major publishing house in a collection of narrative genre and became a bestseller. They talk about a "return of the political novel", because in the 1960s and 1970s, writers such as Leonardo Sciascia, Paolo Volponi and Pier Paolo Pasolini had written themselves. And precisely here that resurfaces the argument that it is for his novel Petrolio devoted to Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI), Enrico Mattei and his mysterious death [ 8] that Pasolini was killed. The novel, unfinished, was published in 1992, minus a crucial chapter. Gianni D'Elia is defending this thesis in his essay It Petrolio delle strage ("Oil of massacres," Effigy, Milan, 2006). He asserted that the death of Pasolini is to report to the revelations contained in this missing chapter, entitled "Lampi sull'ENI" ("Lightning on the NIE"). According to D'Elia, Pasolini was killed because he knew Sponsorship of the killing of Mattel, as the journalist of the daily L'Ora Mauro De Mauro, disappeared Sept. 16, 1970, and Judge Pietro Scaglione, who was investigating De Mauro. Pasolini, "he said, knew that the sponsor was the successor to Mattei's ENI, the contractor Cefis Eugenio (1921-2004), founder of P2, recognizable in the dark character of the novel Troya Petrolio .
In recent weeks, the case is returned to the limelight after a famous and controversial Italian bibliophile said to have come into possession of the chapter lost. The bibliophile in question was Marcello Dell'Utri, co-founder with Berlusconi's Forza Italia PDL current senator, initially sentenced to nine years in prison for outside help to Mafia. Dell'Utri used the news of the discovery of the lost chapter to launch its exhibition of old books: on the eve of the exhibition, after giving him a hearty thanks to the false advertising scoop, he said the anonymous owner Chapter stolen had declined by preventing exposure
... That is the context from which party Trampling oblivion . A black background, which finds its roots in fascism, a dark background, on which we must not turn the spotlight: "Trampling oblivion / travel memories never ends / I were too " writes, recalling the horrors of World War II, Roberto Roversi, partisan, poet, songwriter, author, antiquarian bookseller, and founder in the 1960s, with Pier Paolo Pasolini and Francesco Leonetti, of the journal Officina ("Workshop" / "Plant").
It is precisely to remember that the anthology contains short poems historical nature, such as those dedicated to Nazi-fascist massacres by Franco Buffoni, who has chosen to evoke one of many torture centers of the time ;: "A Sad Villa / Nineteen Paolo Uccello street / Where the dead were tortured in Milan" . Or those of Maria Grazia Calandrone, which in Diecimila civilization ("Ten thousand civilians"), discusses the Nazi massacres of Sant'Anna and Marzabotto. Two young poets, Accatoli Francesco and Matteo Fantuzzi have them, their texts devoted to the massacre of the Bologna train station in 1980, Pasolini had foreseen.
Others, however, throw themselves at arm shortcuts Berlusconi: Eugenio De Signoribus ( "Yes, in this vast underbelly, your strategy has prevailed / Even the naive people that will shape their place aspirations on you / And now we see, among your countless victims multiply small / executioners ") Alberto Bertoni (" You Constructor Liberal / but with very suspicious of capital / at least at the start / you you proved / destructor wonderful and full / houses, affections, memory / without restore else / as empty rhetoric, opulence of waste ) Maria Lenti ( "I go to Coastal areas of great / And mind where thoughts are still worth / And friends that still await round / You, where are you? You'll raise the bridges over the Nothingness Submit triple rails and hyperluisants / Stir it is not, in my Country ") and Gianni D'Elia (" We expects you to go, hateful clone, First, Second, Third Berlusconi, already out of the Constitution / cons citizens and the Constitution / you and your ridiculous Liberation! "). From
Signoribus, Bertoni, Lenti and D'Elia are not politicized young poets, but writers and intellectuals ripe, which account for their active and important publications rigorous poetic choices, we see now adopt exceeded the rhyme of the ancient poets citizens, while venturing to stylistic slips at the end of rhetoric, to send a clear, direct, categorical.
For the cause, they even overcome old enmities. That is why, alongside Roberto Roversi, can be found in the anthology Nanni Balestrini, poet of Group 63, a sworn enemy in the 1960s, poets of Officina .
On May 15, 2009, the Portuguese writer and Nobel laureate Jose Saramago said on his blog : "What is surprising is that no Italian voice (that I know) does has taken over and adapted a little, the words of Cicero: "Until when Berlusconi, abuse our patience you? "We should try. Maybe do we get some results, and perhaps, for this or any other reason, Italy resume surprise us. "
Trampling In oblivion, some Italian voices of the most sensitive seem to have followed the advice of Saramago. They resumed on a more fiery, uncompromising words of Cicero. And perhaps for this, Italy did surprise us again.
Valerio Cuccaroni is a journalist.
Traduction: Eleanor Marchesino .
Notes [1 ] Corriere della Sera, 23 août 2003.
[ 2] Censis-UCSI, VIIIe Rapport sur la communication, 2009. A partir de 2006, c'est la France here the sad record partage de l'Italie. Cf. Censis-UCSI, Rapport sur la Vie communication, 2006.
[ 3] Peter Spataro, " The revolt of the poets:" Berlusconi, hands down by democracy "" Unit , November 25, 2009.
[ 4 ] Pierluigi Battista, " If poetry is playing in the Trenches" Old Drum "" Corriere della Sera, November 26, 2009.
[ 5] Alessandro Gnocchi, "The poems against Silvio? A Battleship Potemkin, "Il Giornale , November 26, 2009.
[ 6] Jacques Roubaud, " Obstination de la poésie," Le Monde diplomatique , janvier 2010.
[ 7] Cf Ranieri Polese (dir.) Romanzo della politica it. La politica nel Romanzo , Almanacco Guanda, 2008.
[ 8] former resistance fighter, engineer Enrico Mattei (1906-1962) was active after the war for the establishment of a public pole of energy. His death in a plane crash remained a mystery.
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